Joint pain can be debilitating, affecting daily activities and overall quality of life. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical technique, has revolutionised orthopaedic surgery, improving outcomes while reducing recovery times. The procedure enables surgeons to diagnose and treat a wide range of joint conditions with precision.
The Evolution of Arthroscopy
In 1912, Danish physician Severin Nordentoft introduced the concept of “arthroscopia genu”, using a scope to examine the knee joint. However, it was Japanese surgeon Dr. Masaki Watanabe who, in 1955, advanced the technique by performing the first recorded operative procedure under arthroscopic control, removing a tumour from a knee joint. He laid the foundation for minimally-invasive surgery, upgrading it from a diagnostic tool to an invaluable surgical aid.
Over the decades, fibre optics, video technology, and miniature surgical instruments have made this innovation even more effective. Today, it is considered a gold standard for treating multiple joint conditions, offering improved accuracy and patient outcomes.
Applications of Arthroscopy
Arthroscopes are used to diagnose and treat various joint conditions, particularly in the knee, shoulder, and hip. Using tiny incisions and the scope, surgeons can assess joint damage in real time and perform precise interventions on:
· The knee: Common knee issues addressed arthroscopically include meniscal tears and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The arthroscope allows surgeons to repair or remove damaged tissues with precision, restore joint function and alleviate pain. Cartilage defects and early-stage arthritis can also be managed arthroscopically, helping patients delay or avoid more invasive options like joint replacement.
· The shoulder: For shoulder problems like a torn rotator cuff, arthroscopy enables repair to torn tendons and removal of inflamed tissue, enhancing mobility and reducing discomfort. It’s also commonly used to rectify shoulder instability, allowing athletes and active individuals to resume their routines with confidence.
· The hip: Conditions like femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears in the hip can be effectively treated arthroscopically, improving joint movement and reducing pain. Those suffering from hip joint stiffness, clicking or catching sensations can benefit from this procedure, which can restore smooth, pain-free movement.
Benefits of Arthroscopy for Patients and Surgeons
The technique offers several advantages over traditional open surgery:
- Minimally invasive: The small incisions reduce trauma to surrounding tissues, leading to less post-operative pain and scarring.
- Faster recovery: Patients often experience shorter hospital stays and a quicker return to daily activities due to this procedure’s less invasive nature. Many can resume light activities within a few weeks, and recover fully in a few months, depending on the severity of the condition treated.
- Reduced infection risk: Smaller incisions decrease the chance of post-surgical infection, a prime consideration for some patients.
- Outpatient surgery: Arthroscopic surgeries can often be performed at day clinics, so patients can go home on the same day and recover in their own homes.
Arthroscopic Surgery in South Africa
Minimally-invasive surgery is becoming the preferred option for treating joint disorders. It’s especially beneficial for patients seeking effective outcomes with minimal disruption to their lives. For sports injuries, degenerative joint diseases, or unexplained joint pain, it’s the key to improved joint health and function.
If you’re experiencing persistent joint pain or mobility issues, don’t hesitate to consult an orthopaedic specialist to enquire if arthroscopy could be the right option for you.